Repeated Wi-Fi studies show that Wi-Fi causes oxidative stress, sperm/testicular damage, neuropsychiatric effects including EEG changes, apoptosis, cellular DNA damage, endocrine changes, and calcium overload. Each of these effects are also caused by exposures to other microwave frequency
EMFs, with each such effect being documented in from 10 to 16 reviews.
Therefore, each of these seven EMF effects are established effects of
Wi-Fi and of other microwave frequency EMFs. Each of these seven is also
produced by downstream effects of the main action of such EMFs,
voltage-gated calcium channel (VGCC) activation.
While VGCC activation via EMF interaction with the VGCC voltage sensor
seems to be the predominant mechanism of action of EMFs, other
mechanisms appear to have minor roles. Minor roles include activation of
other voltage-gated ion channels, calcium cyclotron resonance
and the geomagnetic magnetoreception mechanism. Five properties of
non-thermal EMF effects are discussed. These are that pulsed EMFs are,
in most cases, more active than are non-pulsed EMFs; artificial EMFs are
polarized and such polarized EMFs are much more active than
non-polarized EMFs; dose-response curves are non-linear and
non-monotone; EMF effects are often cumulative; and EMFs may impact
young people more than adults. These general findings and data presented
earlier on Wi-Fi effects were used to assess the Foster and Moulder
(F&M) review of Wi-Fi. The F&M study claimed that there were
seven important studies of Wi-Fi that each showed no effect. However,
none of these were Wi-Fi studies, with each differing from genuine Wi-Fi
in three distinct ways. F&M could, at most conclude that there was
no statistically significant evidence of an effect. The tiny numbers
studied in each of these seven F&M-linked studies show that each of
them lack power to make any substantive conclusions. In conclusion,
there are seven repeatedly found Wi-Fi effects which have also been
shown to be caused by other similar EMF exposures. Each of the seven
should be considered, therefore, as established effects of Wi-Fi.
1. Introduction
Wi-Fi (also known as WiFi or WLAN) is a wireless network involving at least one Wi-Fi antenna
connected to the internet and a series of computers, laptops and/or
other wireless devices communicating wirelessly with the Wi-Fi antenna.
In this way, each such wireless communication
device can communicate wirelessly with the internet. All the studies
reviewed here were of Wi-Fi using the 2.4 GHz band, although there is
also a 5 GHz band reserved for possible Wi-Fi use.
Telecommunications industry-linked individuals and groups have claimed that there are no and cannot possibly be any health impacts of Wi-Fi (Foster and Moulder, 2013; Berezow and Bloom, 2017).
However with Wi-Fi exposures becoming more and more common and with
many of our exposures being without our consent, there is much concern
about possible Wi-Fi health effects. This paper is not focused on
anecdotal reports but rather on 23 controlled, scientific studies of
such health-related effects in animals, cells including human cells in
culture and in human beings (Table 1).
